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The Hitch Hiker's Guide to LCA

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the assessment of the environmental impact of a product throughout its life cycle. The holistic perspective that LCA provides on the environmental performance of products has made it a central concept for both environmental management in industry and environmental policy-making in public government. This is a textbook on LCA for those who want to learn the practice of LCA, e.g. environmental engineers, environmental managers and ecodesigners.

      • 9
        Foreword
      • 13
        List of abbreviations
      • Introduction to LCA
      • 1
        19
        LCA in a nutshell
        • 1.1
          19
          What is LCA?
        • 1.2
          23
          LCA methodology in short
        • 1.3
          31
          LCA and environmental systems analysis
        • 1.4
          33
          Pay attention to …
        • 1.5
          41
          Summary and further reading
      • 2
        43
        Development of the LCA concept
        • 2.1
          44
          Early LCA activities (1969–1989)
        • 2.2
          52
          “… one of the most important tools for the 1990s …”
        • 2.3
          60
          LCA in the environmental tool box
        • 2.4
          68
          Summary and further reading
        • LCA methodology
      • 3
        73
        Goal and scope definition
        • 3.1
          74
          Goal and context of the study
        • 3.2
          75
          Scope and modelling requirements
        • 3.3
          93
          Procedural aspects and planning of an LCA study
        • 3.4
          95
          Summary and further reading
      • 4
        97
        Inventory analysis
        • 4.1
          98
          Construction of a flowchart
        • 4.2
          99
          Data collection
        • 4.3
          107
          Calculation procedure
        • 4.4
          110
          More about allocation
        • 4.5
          119
          Accounting for recycling rate
        • 4.6
          123
          Accounting for energy use in LCI
        • 4.7
          126
          Summary and further reading
      • 5
        129
        Life cycle impact assessment
        • 5.1
          131
          What is an environmental impact?
        • 5.2
          133
          The different phases of life cycle impact assessment
        • 5.3
          144
          Characterisation methods
        • 5.4
          159
          Ready-made LCIA methods
        • 5.5
          169
          Comparison of LCIA methods
        • 5.6
          172
          Summary and further reading
      • 6
        175
        Interpretation and presentation of results
        • 6.1
          178
          Quantitative results with varying level of detail
        • 6.2
          185
          Qualitative results
        • 6.3
          189
          Different purposes – different result presentations
        • 6.4
          196
          Testing the robustness of the results
        • 6.5
          202
          Summary and further reading
      • 7
        203
        Critical review of LCA
        • 7.1
          204
          When are LCAs reviewed critically?
        • 7.2
          206
          With respect to what are LCAs reviewed?
        • 7.3
          210
          How are critical reviews conducted?
        • 7.4
          211
          Summary and further reading
      • 8
        213
        LCA data management
        • 8.1
          214
          LCA software packages
        • 8.2
          218
          LCA databases
        • 8.3
          223
          Documentation of LCA data according to ISO/TS 14048
        • 8.4
          229
          Summary and further reading
        • LCA applications
      • 9
        235
        LCA and product development
        • 9.1
          236
          Product development and environmental considerations
        • 9.2
          242
          LCA and life cycle based approaches for ecodesign
        • 9.3
          251
          Ecodesign and LCA in product development in practice
        • 9.4
          253
          Summary and further reading
      • 10
        255
        Green marketing and LCA
        • 10.1
          256
          What is green marketing?
        • 10.2
          260
          Standardised environmental market communication
        • 10.3
          274
          Summary and further reading
      • 11
        277
        LCA for production processes
        • 11.1
          278
          LCA for the process industry
        • 11.2
          288
          LCA for manufacturing processes
        • 11.3
          296
          Transportation and logistics
        • 11.4
          299
          Summary and further reading
      • 12
        301
        LCA and waste management
        • 12.1
          302
          LCA of waste management
        • 12.2
          310
          Waste treatment in LCA
        • 12.3
          312
          Summary and further readings
      • 13
        313
        Organising LCA activities in a company
        • 13.1
          314
          An LCA project in a process industry
        • 13.2
          321
          An LCA project in a manufacturing industry
        • 13.3
          327
          An LCA project in a service/manufacturing industry
        • 13.4
          329
          An LCA project in a consumer goods industry
        • 13.5
          332
          Organising LCA projects
        • 13.6
          337
          Implementing LCA
        • 13.7
          343
          Summary and further reading
      • 14
        345
        Bibliography
        • 371
          Exercises
        • 373
          A Functional units
        • 375
          B Goal and scope definition
        • 385
          C A beginner’s introduction to LCA
        • 393
          D Data collection and documentation
        • 397
          E Allocation
        • 399
          F Impact assessment: classification
        • 401
          G Critical review
        • 403
          H General introduction to LCA projects
        • 404
          H1 Roofing. Comparison of concrete tiles with clay tiles
        • 409
          H2 Clay tiles. Comparison of single use with reuse
        • 411
          H3 Concrete tiles. Comparison of single use with reuse
        • 415
          H4 Polyethylene. Comparison of incineration and recycling
        • 423
          H5 Polyethylene. Comparison of landfilling and recycling
        • 432
          H6 Glass. Comparison of single use with material recycling
        • 436
          H7 Glass. Comparison of single use with refilling
        • 441
          H8 Linoleum. Choice of linseed oil supplier
        • 447
          H9 Linoleum. Choice of waste management
        • 453
          H10 Apples. Development of type III eco-labelling
        • 471
          Solutions to some exercises
        • 473
          A Problem solution
        • 475
          C Problem solution
        • 481
          E Problem solution
        • 483
          Appendices
      • Appendix 1
        485
        General inventory data
      • Appendix 2
        509
        Characterisation indicators
      • Appendix 3
        517
        Weighting indices
        • 529
          Glossary
      • 535
        Index
Information

Språk:

Engelska

ISBN:

9789144023649

Utgivningsår:

2004

Artikelnummer:

31027-01

Upplaga:

Första

Sidantal:

544
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